Biological mechanisms related to cardiovascular and metabolic effects by environmental noise (2018)

The WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region focus on several non-auditory health outcomes, including sleep disturbances, annoyance, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, adverse birth outcomes, cognitive impairment, mental health and well-being. This paper primarily deals with biological mechanisms related to cardiovascular and metabolic effects by environmental noise. In particular, it focuses on etiological pathways related to stress mechanisms and the role of effect modification by perceptual and psychological factors.